Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the review
Reference | Comparison | Study design | Sample size | Mean age | Female (%) | Stimulation parameters | Duration of treatment | Measurement time point | N session | Outcome measure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boggio et al. (2008) [27] | a-F3 + c-F4 tDCS a-F4 + c-F3 tDCS sham | Ⓒ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 13 13 13 | 41.3 ± 5.7 41.3 ± 5.7 41.3 ± 5.7 | 15.4 15.4 15.4 | 2 mA, 20 min | 1 day | Pre, Post | 1 1 1 | AUQ |
Mishra et al. (2010) [49] | F4-rTMS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓢ | 30 15 | 39.4 ± 8.9 38.2 ± 6.9 | 0.0 0.0 | 10 Hz, 110% MT, 1,000 pulses | 10 days | Pre, 4 weeks follow up | 10 10 | ACQ-NOW |
Herremans et al. (2012) [55] | F4-rTMS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓢ | 15 16 | 47.2 ± 11.3 50.7 ± 8.6 | 20.0 43.8 | 20 Hz, 110% MT, 1,560 pulses | 1 day | Pre, Within 3 days of stimulation | 1 1 | OCDS–5 items |
Nakamura-Palacios et al.(2012) [46] | a-F3-tDCS sham | Ⓒ Ⓡ Ⓢ | 49 49 | 48.8 ± 8.9 48.8 ± 8.9 | 8.2 8.2 | 1 mA, 10 min | 1 day | Pre, Post | 1 1 | OCDS–5 items |
Herremans et al. (2013) [62] | F4-rTMS sham | Ⓒ Ⓡ Ⓢ | 29 29 | 48.1 ± 9.3 48.1 ± 9.3 | 34.5 34.5 | 20 Hz, 110% MT, 1,560 pulses | 1 day | Pre, Post | 1 1 | OCDS–14 items |
Klauss et al. (2014) [63] | a-F4 + c-F3 tDCS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 16 17 | 44.0 ± 7.8 45.5 ± 8.9 | 0.0 5.9 | 2 mA, 13 min | 5 days | Pre, Post | 10 10 | OCDS–5 items |
Ceccanti et al. (2015) [60] | mPFC-dTMS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 9 9 | 43.2 ± 11.1 47.3 ± 11.5 | 0.0 0.0 | 20 Hz, 120% MT, 1,500 pulses | 2 weeks | Pre, 8 weeks follow up | 10 10 | VAS |
den Uyl et al. (2015) [64] | a-F3-tDCS a-right IFG-tDCS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 14 15 12 | 21.1 ± 2.9 21.6 ± 3.2 22.4 ± 2.7 | 57.1 66.7 66.7 | 1 mA, 10 min | 1 day | Pre, Post | 1 1 1 | AAAQ-subscale inclined |
Herremans et al. (2015) [65] | F4-rTMS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 13 13 | 46.7 ± 10.4 43.7 ± 8.1 | 30.7 38.5 | 20 Hz, 110% MT, 1,560 pulses | 1 day | Pre, Post | 1 1 | TLS craving score |
Wietschorke et al. (2016) [66] | a-F4 + c-F3 tDCS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 15 15 | 42.6 ± 8.0 48.5 ± 9.7 | 46.7 26.7 | 1 mA, 20 min | 1 day | Pre, Post | 1 1 | VAS–desire subscale |
Addolorato et al. (2017) [67] | dlPFC-dTMS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 5 6 | 48.6 ± 9.9 48.6 ± 9.9 | 20.0 16.7 | 10 Hz, 100% MT, 1,000 pulses | 4 weeks | Pre, Post | 12 12 | OCDS |
Hanlon et al. (2017) [68] | FP1-cTBS sham | Ⓒ Ⓡ Ⓢ | 24 24 | 27.0 ± 5.7 27.0 ± 5.7 | 29.1 29.1 | 5 Hz, 110% MT, 3,600 pulses | 1 day | Pre, Post | 1 1 | Self-reported craving |
den Uyl et al. (2018) [69] | a-F3-tDCS sham | Ⓕ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 20 22 | 48.7 ± 7.3 48.2 ± 19.3 | 20.0 22.7 | 2 mA, 20 min | 1 week | Pre, Within 1 week of last stimulation | 4 4 | PACS |
Klauss et al. (2018) [70] | a-F4 + c-F3 tDCS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 23 22 | 46.3 ± 12.0 43.5 ± 10.2 | 21.7 13.6 | 2 mA, 20 min | 5 weeks | Pre, Post | 10 10 | OCDS–5 items |
Holla et al. (2020) [71] | a-F4 + c-F3 tDCS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 11 10 | 38.6 ± 7.1 39.4 ± 7.9 | 0 0 | 2 mA, 20 min | 5 days | Pre, Post | 5 5 | ACQ-SF-R |
Perini et al. (2020) [72] | IC-rTMS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 23 22 | 50.6 ± 10.4 53.5 ± 7.5 | 17.4 18.2 | 10 Hz, 120% MT, 1,500 pulses | 3 weeks | Pre, 12 weeks follow up | 15 15 | PACS |
Vanderhasselt et al.(2020) [73] | a-F4 + c-F3 tDCS sham | Ⓒ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 45 45 | 21.2 ± 1.4 21.2 ± 1.4 | 33.0 33.0 | 2 mA, 20 min | 1 day | Pre, Post | 1 1 | AAAQ-subscale inclined |
Harel et al. (2022) [74] | mPFC-dTMS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 23 23 | 43.7 ± 8.7 42.5 ± 9.8 | 34.8 34.8 | 10 Hz, 100% MT, 3,000 pulses | 3 weeks | Pre, 12 weeks follow up | 15 15 | PACS |
Padula et al. (2024) [75] | F3-iTBS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓓ | 8 9 | 39.8 ± 9.8 48.5 ± 12.4 | 0 11.1 | three pulse burst, 50 Hz, 100–110% MT, 10,332 pulses | 10 days | Pre, Post | 20 20 | OCDS |
Patil et al. (2024) [76] | a-F4 + c-F3 tDCS sham | Ⓟ Ⓡ Ⓢ | 38 38 | 37.6 ± 8.5 36.6 ± 8.9 | - - | 2 mA, 20 min | 5 days | Pre, Post | 10 10 | ACQ-NOW |