Table 2 Mean (SD) scores for all participants in the Chinese revised hospital-acquired Insomnia Scale (N = 679)

1. I could not sleep due to the discomfort (talking on the phone, watching TV, etc.) caused by the other patients and their relatives in my room.

2.07(0.987)

2. I couldn’t sleep because the room was stuffy/airless.

2.20(0.915)

3. I could not sleep because the lights in the room were constantly on.

1.88(0.940)

4. I couldn’t sleep because the number of patients in the room was too much.

1.93(1.008)

5. Couldn’t sleep as not enough privacy was provided.

1.94(0.934)

6. I couldn’t sleep because I was worried about the procedures to be done or not being given enough information about my disease.

2.12(0.858)

7. I couldn’t sleep because I felt emotionally/mentally exhausted.

2.19(0.909)

8. I couldn’t sleep because I thought my disease would not get better.

2.10(0.920)

9. I couldn’t sleep because I felt like I was stuck in four walls.

2.14(0.942)

10. I couldn’t sleep because of the anxiety caused by the thought that I wouldn’t be able to wake up if I sleep.

2.04(0.927)

11. I couldn’t sleep because I didn’t feel safe.

2.11(1.017)

12. I couldn’t sleep because of the uncertainty of my illness or anxiety about my illness.

2.11(0.936)

13. During my stay in the hospital, I could not sleep due to the possibility of getting bad news.

2.02(0.859)

14. I couldn’t sleep because I was away from my family.

1.99(0.849)

15. During my stay in the hospital, I could not sleep because I was afraid of losing my job, suffering economic loss, and not being able to financially support my family.

2.04(0.876)

16. I was hungry because I ate dinner too early, which prevented me from sleeping.

1.93(0.808)

17. I had to wake up for breakfast.

1.91(0.778)

18. I could not sleep because the amount of food given was insufficient.

1.91(0.890)